Child-Directed Breastfeeding

Learn About The Nine Components Of The Evolved Nest

Below you will find an overview and resources pertaining to Child-directed Breastfeeding, nine of nine of the Evolved Nest’s Components. 

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Child-Directed Breastfeeding

Evolved Nest Component #9 of 9

Child-directed BREASTFEEDING – occurs for several years.

WHY IS BREASTFEEDING IMPORTANT?

Human mothers[DN2] , who provided immunity through the placenta, continue to provide immunity after birth, first with colostrum immediately after birth and thereafter with breast milk. Although infants have gastric enzymes for digesting their mother’s colostrum and milk, digestive enzymes for other foods do not develop for several months. Breast milk abounds with infection fighting agents that foster immune and digestive health in the young child.  Specific to the environment in which the mother and infant find themselves, mammalian milk produces antibodies for various infective agents (e.g., Slusser & Powers, 1997).

Breastfeeding frequency. Mammalian milk is species specific for each of the over 4,000 mammalian species (AAP, 2005). Human milk is of the thin, rather than thick, variety, which is related to frequent ingestion or at least suckling (on average every 20 minutes for infants as recorded by anthropologists; see Hewlett & Lamb, 2005; Konner & Worthman, 1980). 

Breastfeeding length. In the ancestral context, breastfeeding took place on average from 2-5 years (weaning at age 4 on average; Konner, 2005; 2010). These patterns are still evident in aboriginal populations little influenced by outside cultures. According to Dettwyler’s (1995) review humans should be breastfeeding much longer than they are, based on what other primates do in relation to offspring maturation schedule. The end of the range, age 6-7, is when the immune system reaches adult levels and much of the brain volume is completed (Parham, 2004). 

Breastmilk timing. Breastmilk changes according to the time of day, providing energizing elements in the morning and sleep-inducing elements in the evening (Hahn-Holbrook et al., 2019). Because the infant is still developing their circadian rhythm, giving expressed milk of the wrong time of day may interfere with normal development. 

Jaw and palate development. Bottle feeding does not provide the practice the jaw needs to develop well for proper size and tooth alignment (Kahn et al., 2020). This leads to issues with breathing and sleeping because the mouth is too small for the tongue, to orthodontic issues because there is not enough room for all the teeth.

WHAT MOTHERS CAN DO:

·  Provide the breast whenever the baby indicates rooting and other signals of need for the breast. This is part of responsive parenting described in component 6.

·  Don’t make the baby wait or stress hormones start to flow, which slow down growth.

·  Breastfeed for at least a year if not for 4 or 5 years as in most species-normal societies. The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend at least two years. Of course, you’ll have to set up your life to be able to do this.

WHAT EVERYONE CAN DO:

·  Support breastfeeding as normal, natural, and necessary for lifelong health.

·  Expect and support breastfeeding of toddlers.

·  Expect and support breastfeeding in public spaces.

·  Speak up for breastfeeding at work.

·  Educate yourself about the importance of breastfeeding (links further below).

Resources

Find several free papers on breastfeeding in The Lancet. This three-paper Series outlines the multifaceted and highly effective strategies used by commercial formula manufacturers to target parents, health-care professionals, and policy-makers. The industry’s dubious marketing practices—in breach of the breastfeeding Code—are compounded by lobbying of governments, often covertly via trade associations and front groups, against strengthening breastfeeding protection laws and challenging food standard regulations. 

The Evolved Nest Explained: Breastfeeding

Darcia Narvaez, PhD, and Mary Tarsha present one of the Evolved Nest’s nine components: breastfeeding.

The Evolved Nest Explained: Breastfeeding

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Darcia Narvaez and Mary Tarsha discuss the Evolved Nest’s second component, breast-feeding.

The Tremendous Benefits of Breastfeeding

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Evolved Nest Explained gives information about evolved nest components and why they are important for child and adult health, wellbeing and sociomorality.

Articles

Articles and Blog Posts

Discover the Evolved Nest articles on Breastfeeding on Kindred Magazine here.

Breastfeeding Posts from Kindred:

Breastfeeding In The USA—A Little History, Part 1 Of 2

Breastfeeding’s Importance—What Science Tells Us, Part 2 Of 2

How Long Should Breastfeeding Last? The Science Says…

Skimmed: Breastfeeding, Race And Injustice, A Book Review

Breastfeeding Moms Face Illegal Discrimination At Work

What Do You Know About Breastfeeding? 

Breastfeeding As Companionship: An Ancient Tradition 

The Myth Of “Breastfeeding Is Optional” 

Breast Milk Keeps Time And May Set Baby’s Clock 

New Book, Unlatched, Explores Whether Breastfeeding Is Vital 

What Do You Know About Breastfeeding?

How Long Should Breastfeeding Last? The Science Says… 

Safe Infant Sleep And Breastfeeding      Are Partners

Breast Milk Is Medicine For Babies

The Tremendous Benefits Of Breast Milk: An Evolved Nest…

Breast Milk Keeps Time And May Set Baby’s Clock

Breastfeeding Moms Face Illegal Discrimination At Work

New Book, Unlatched, Explores Whether Breastfeeding Is Vital

The Myth Of “Breastfeeding Is Optional”

Breastfeeding As Companionship: An Ancient Tradition

Breastfeeding: What Is It Good For?

Why Breastfeed? Build a Better Brain

It’s Breastfeeding Week: Why should you care? 

Your Assumptions About Infant Formula Are Probably Wrong 

Myths you probably believe about infant formula 

TREMENDOUS Benefits of Doing What is Normal: Breastfeeding 

5 Things You Thought You Knew About Breastfeeding 

Breastmilk Wipes Out Formula: Responses to Critical Comments 

Is Pushing Infant Formula Evil? 

The REAL Truth about Breastfeeding 

Stand Up For Breastfeeding 

Breastfeeding Facts to Know and Discuss 

To Doubters of The Importance of Breastfeeding 

Meet the Wayfinders: An Oral History Series

Meet the Wayfinders is an oral history collection by Kindred’s founder, Lisa Reagan, of video interviews with nine professionals, parents, and scientists who found ways around breastfeeding advocacy barriers, or just broke them! The series was created at the invitation of La Leche League International in celebration of their 65th Anniversary Conference held October 15-18, 2021. 

The Meet the Wayfinders website presents the series to the public in celebration of:

World Breastfeeding Week, August 1-7

National Breastfeeding Month, August 1 – 31

Indigenous Milk Medicine Week, August 8 – 14

Black Breastfeeding Week, August 25 – 31

The Meet the Wayfinders Oral History Series includes an overview video, where participants learn the five hallmarks of wayfinder advocacy, aka Kindred Activism, and highlights of the nine interviews. The complete interviews are also available on this website. The Meet the Wayfinders Resource Guide in PDF form lists the many references discussed in the collection by presenter and can be found here.

In Meet the Wayfinders, viewers will discover reasons why cultural change is difficult and how the breastfeeding advocates featured in this oral history collection were successful in breaking, transforming, and maneuvering around barriers in:

  • Breaking through the formula company “captured” biomedical field and colonization of populations worldwide: Cecilia Tomori, PhDDirector of Global Health and Community Health, Johns Hopkins University

  • Breaking through the siloed-science of academia and research which doesn’t (can’t) support a whole child wellness model: Darcia Narvaez, PhD, Professor of Psychology Emerita, University of Notre Dame; Founder, The Evolved Nest

 

  • Breaking through hospital and medical professional culture’s systemic racismKimarie Bugg, DNP, FNP-BC, MPH, FAAN, IBCLC, Founder, Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere

  • Breaking through BIPOC colonization created anti-breastfeeding bias, Kimarie Bugg, DNP, Founder, Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere; Wesley Bugg, JD, Reaching Our Brothers Everywhere; and Jasha Lyons Echo-HawkIndigenous Milk Medicine Week and Indigenous Milk Medicine Collective, Co-Founder

 

  • Breaking through mainstream media cultural bias, Jamie Grumet, TIME cover breastfeeding mother from May 2012

  • Breaking through gender bias to create workplace and gender equity lawsJoan C. Williams, JD, Founder, Center for Worklife Law, University of California at Hastings

  • Breaking through gender bias to inclusion of fathers in breastfeeding and birth advocacy, Wesley Bugg, JD, Reaching Our Brothers Everywhere

 

  • Breaking through America’s social and public policy policy abandonment of families to creating support networks, Patty Kornwolf, RN-C, Kindred World Founding Director

  • Breaking barriers in Theater, Using Performance Arts for internal and external barrier-breaking, Cathleen O’Malley, playwright, MilkDrunk

Organizational Resources

Breastfeeding Resources

Kindred’s Breastfeeding Features and Video Series

Breastfeeding Hotline. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women’s Health offer a breastfeeding help hotline. The hotline is helmed by trained breastfeeding peer counselors and provides support by phone. The phone number is 800-994-9662 (TDD 888-220-5446). The hotline is open Monday-Friday 9am-6pm. You can call after hours and leave a message. A breastfeeding peer counselor will return your call on the next business day.

Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is a worldwide organization of physicians dedicated to the promotion, protection and support of breastfeeding and human lactation. Its mission is to unite into one association members of the various medical specialties with this common purpose.

Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative USA Non-profit organization implementing the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative in the USA.

Black Breastfeeding Week. Black Breastfeeding Week was created because for over 40 years there has been a gaping racial disparity in breastfeeding rates. The most recent CDC data show that 75% of white women have ever breastfed versus 58.9% of black women. The fact that racial disparity in initiation and even bigger one for duration has lingered for so long is reason enough to take 7 days to focus on the issue, but here are a few more.

Black Mothers Breastfeeding Association. BMBFA is a non-profit organization. Our mission is to reduce racial inequities in breastfeeding support for African Americans by building foundational networks of support, and strengthening systems to overcome historical, societal and social barriers to breastfeeding success.

Breastfeeding and Child Custody Toolkit. The Michigan Breastfeeding Network has published the “Breastfeeding and Child Custody Toolkit” as part of their Breastfeeding Roadblock Kits series. The toolkit guides readers through the issues surrounding breastfeeding and child custody, including information on the legal landscape. It includes template letters to the court, resources for parents, and a platform for sharing stories.

CDC Breastfeeding Resources. CDC’s Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO) is committed to increasing breastfeeding rates throughout the United States and to promoting and supporting optimal breastfeeding practices toward the ultimate goal of improving the public’s health.

College Campus Breastfeeding Policy Toolkit. A Model Policy providing best practices on pregnancy and parenting accommodations, leave, and non-discrimination, in compliance with Title IX and other federal law.  The text can be adapted as a memo or included in your institution’s existing policy.

Eats on Feets. Community Breastmilk Sharing. Eats On Feets facilitates a world-wide network of parents and professionals who have made the informed choice to share or support the sharing of breastmilk.

Human Milk Banking Association of North AmericaHuman milk is a precious resource. Even with milk banks, the availability of donor milk is very limited. Sometimes, a mother chooses not to breastfeed, or for whatever reason is unable to breastfeed. Some babies MUST receive human milk in order to survive. In these cases, doctors will prescribe human milk for the child. In a perfect world, all babies would receive breastmilk, either from their mother or from a donor, and the artificial milk industry would be very limited. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if “formula” were only available by prescription?

Human Milk 4 Human Babies, HM4HB. HM4HB is a global milksharing network, a virtual village, comprising thousands of people from over fifty countries. We are mothers, fathers, adoptive families, grandparents, childbirth and breastfeeding professionals, volunteers, supporters, donors, and recipients that have come together to support the simple idea that all babies and children have the right to receive human milk. We use social media as a platform for local families to make real-life connections and come together as sustainable milksharing communities where women graciously share their breastmilk. HM4HB is built on the principle of informed choice: we trust, honour, and value the autonomy of families and we assert they are capable of weighing the benefits and risks of milksharing in order to make choices that are best for them.

International Lactation Consultant Association  Professional association for lactation consultants and breastfeeding promotion advocates

International Milk Banking Initiative. The International Milk Banking Initiative (IMBI) is a group of milk banks and health care providers interested in establishing an international association of non-profit milk banks globally through the development of better communication. The IMBI was founded at the International HMBANACongress held in Washington DC area in 2005.

La Leche League. Our Mission is to help mothers worldwide to breastfeed through mother-to-mother support, encouragement, information, and education, and to promote a better understanding of breastfeeding as an important element in the healthy development of the baby and mother.

Milk Mob. The Milk Mob is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to optimize the promotion and support of breastfeeding for families in the outpatient sector. The Milk Mob is dedicated to building Breastfeeding Friendly Medical Systems and Communities, through:

  1. Education of medical staff, providers, and other outpatient community breastfeeding supporters,
  2. Guidance in the development and sustainment of breastfeeding support networks within medical systems,
  3. Collaboration of breastfeeding support between hospitals, outpatient medical systems and community institutions for collective impact,
  4. Provision of educational resources for breastfeeding educators, such as sharing of educational materials, creation of audiovisual media, and tools for community supporters that promote consistent, evidence-based support of breastfeeding dyads.

National Association of Professional and Peer Lactation Supporters of Color.Our mission is to cultivate a community of diverse professional and peer lactation supporters to transform communities of color through policy, breastfeeding, and skilled lactation care.

National Breastfeeding Awareness Initiative.  On this website, you can learn more about breastfeeding. You also can find tips and suggestions to help you successfully breastfeed, whether you decide to breastfeed for two weeks, two years, or more.

Racial Equity Learning Community. The United States Breastfeeding Committee has been funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to host this community as part of an inclusive learning and transformation process for the “First Food” field. The community will build the capacity of the breastfeeding field to apply both an “equity lens” to inform and guide our external strategies and activities, but also an “equity mirror” to examine our internal structures, culture, and policies. 

Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere, ROSE. An organization dedicated to addressing the breastfeeding disparity among people of color nationwide through education programs, advocacy and other efforts. The organization’s pioneering work was recently rewarded with a more than $1 million grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation

United States Breastfeeding Coalition Directory. Find your state breastfeeding coalition.

United States Breastfeeding Committee. USBC is an independent nonprofit coalition of more than 50 nationally influential professional, educational, and governmental organizations that share a common mission to drive collaborative efforts for policy and practices that create a landscape of breastfeeding support across the United States.

Uzazi. Black Infant Mortality Walk. Uzazi Village’s mission is to decrease the maternal and infant health disparities found at the urban core, particularly among African-American women, but also other at-risk populations residing there.

World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action  Generates information on World Breastfeeding Week

World Health Organization WHO International Breastfeeding Code

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We Stand on the Shoulders of Giants

Evolved Nest Champions in Child-directed Breastfeeding

In the quiet unfolding of the Evolved Nest’s transdisciplinary, holistic story, we find ourselves grateful weavers, threading together the luminous threads spun by those who came before.

The giants in the field of Nature Connection have gifted us the sturdy shoulders upon which this work perches. Their curiosity, rigor, and compassion light the path from isolation to interconnection, reminding us that true science is a chorus of voices, echoing through time. With profound humility, we bow in thanks, knowing every insight we offer is but a reflection of their enduring legacy, urging us toward nests that cradle not just children, but the flourishing of all life.

If you would like to nominate an Evolved Nest Champion, send us a note at nestedworldinitiative (at) gmail.com.

Evolved Nest Champions in Breastfeeding.

Click on the names below to read their posts on Kindred Magazine or watch the Evolved Nest Champion’s presentations at Darcia Narvaez’s University of Notre Dame’s Symposiums, held in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016.

Helen Ball

Pranee Liamputtong

EA Quinn

Kimarie Bugg, DNP, RN, MPH,PhD 

Martha Sears

Barbara Nicholson

Lysa Parker

James McKenna, PhD

Kathy Kendall-Tackett, PhD

Jamie Grumet

Cecilia Tomori, PhD